The Larsen effect is the name given to the resonance of an environment Environmental acoustics at certain frequencies that have an ever-increasing amplitude which triggers in the microphone-mixer-monitor chain.
These techniques require two microphones positioned at 16-17cm apart, which represents the distance between the human ears. In this case, as well as amplitude differences, phase differences between the two signals are also recorded.
This kind of microphone is highly versatile, in that it allows one to modify the characteristics of each diaphragm and to obtain, through the combination of the two, polar patterns with sought-after characteristics.